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WJM

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Applications and Products

Applications

  • Industries: mining, automotive, aerospace
  • Operations: machining (cutting, shaping, rimming, machining sheets, machining foils, pocket milling, drilling) and special (paint removal, surgery cleaning, peening, cutting frozen meet)
  • Materials: soft is most common (rubber, textiles, plastic, foam, leather, paper) and =hard= (composites, tile, stone, glass)

Products

  • Automotive parts

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

  • Intricate, complex cuts
  • Low maintenance and operation cost (no moving parts)
  • Low hazards
    • True cold cutting (no heat affected zones)
    • No mechanical stresses
    • No worker or environmental hazards (clean machining area)
  • Cuts and machines non-metallic materials (plastic, wood, rubber)

Disadvantages

  • High initial cost
  • Very thick material cannot be machined

Working Principle

  • Erosive force of high speed (540 - 1400 m/s), high density, ultra-high pressure (150 - 1000 MPa) water stream removes material (water acts like a saw)
  • The speed is faster than the speed of sound
  • → Pressure; after striking
  • Water + Alcohols, oil, glycerol
  • Erosion (localized compressive failure) means: Pressure > Material strength
  • Ductile: erosion due to shearing action

Schematic

Process Parameters

These parameters affect:

  • Surface quality
  • Material removal rate
  • Accuracy

Nozzle

  • Standoff distance: small to minimize dispersion
  • Nozzle operating diameter: small = fine cuts; large = higher pressure Water Jet
  • Water pressure: high P = high MRR
  • Feed rate: 5-500 mm/s
  • Others: fluid type, velocity, flow rate, viscosity Workpiece
  • Type, thickness, feed rate

WJM 2026-03-26 08.22.19.excalidraw

⚠ Switch to EXCALIDRAW VIEW in the MORE OPTIONS menu of this document. ⚠ You can decompress Drawing data with the command palette: ‘Decompress current Excalidraw file’. For more info check in plugin settings under ‘Saving’

Excalidraw Data

Text Elements

MRR

Pressure

MRR

Material Toughness, Hardness

Increase MRR

Decrease MRR

MRR

Orifice size

MRR

Standoff Distance

Needs Optimization

MRR

Mixing Tube Diameter

MRR

Forward Angle

Mixing Tube Length

No Effect

MRR

Underwater Shallow Water

MRR

MRR

Material Thickness

Link to original

Graph View

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